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LISINOPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
TABLETS USP · Northwind Health Company, LLC
It is not known whether lisinopril is excreted in human milk. However, milk of lactating rats contains radioactivity following administration of 14C lisinopril. In another study, lisinopril was present in rat milk at levels similar to plasma levels in the dams. Thiazides do appear in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from ACE inhibitors and hydrochlorothiazide, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing and/or discontinue lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Neonates with a history of in utero exposure to lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide:
If oliguria or hypotension occurs, direct attention toward support of blood pressure and renal perfusion. Exchange transfusions or dialysis may be required as a means of reversing hypotension and/or substituting for disordered renal function. Lisinopril, which crosses the placenta, has been removed from neonatal circulation by peritoneal dialysis with some clinical benefit, and theoretically may be removed by exchange transfusion, although there is no experience with the latter procedure.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Clinical studies of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection. Evaluation of the hypertensive patient should always include assessment of renal function.
Angioedema: Angioedema, including laryngeal edema may occur at any time during treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, including lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. Patients should be so advised and told to report immediately any signs or symptoms suggesting angioedema (swelling of face, extremities, eyes, lips, tongue, difficulty in swallowing or breathing) and to take no more drug until they have consulted with the prescribing physician.
Symptomatic Hypotension: Patients should be cautioned to report lightheadedness especially during the first few days of therapy. If actual syncope occurs, the patients should be told to discontinue the drug until they have consulted with the prescribing physician.
All patients should be cautioned that excessive perspiration and dehydration may lead to an excessive fall in blood pressure because of reduction in fluid volume. Other causes of volume depletion such as vomiting or diarrhea may also lead to a fall in blood pressure; patients should be advised to consult with their physician.
Hyperkalemia: Patients should be told not to use salt substitutes containing potassium without consulting their physician.
Leukopenia/Neutropenia: Patients should be told to report promptly any indication of infection (eg, sore throat, fever) which may be a sign of leukopenia/neutropenia.
Pregnancy: Female patients of childbearing age should be told about the consequences of exposure to lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy. Discuss treatment options with women planning to become pregnant. Patients should be asked to report pregnancies to their physicians as soon as possible.
Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Instruct patients taking hydrochlorothiazide to protect skin from the sun and undergo regular skin cancer screening.
NOTE:As with many other drugs, certain advice to patients being treated with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide is warranted. This information is intended to aid in the safe and effective use of this medication. It is not a disclosure of all possible adverse or intended effects.
NDC: 51655-412-26
[image: img_4a1ca0ad-dcea-3026-e063-6294a90a5c89]
What it looks like
Photos of the product and/or packaging supplied by the manufacturer.
Package codes (NDC)
- 51655-412-26
- 51655-412-30
- 51655-412-60
Full prescribing information (for healthcare professionals)
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
- When pregnancy is detected, discontinue lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide as soon as possible.
- Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus. See WARNINGS: Fetal Toxicity.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablet USP combines an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide.
Lisinopril, a synthetic peptide derivative, is an oral long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It is chemically described as ( S)-1-[N2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-lysyl]-L-proline dihydrate. Its empirical formula is C 21H 31N 3O 5•2H 2O and its structural formula is:
[image: MM1]Lisinopril is a white, crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 441.53. It is soluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in ethanol.
Hydrochlorothiazide is 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2 H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide. Its empirical formula is C 7H 8ClN 3O 4S 2and its structural formula is:
[image: MM2]Hydrochlorothiazide is a white, or practically white, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 297.72, which is slightly soluble in water, but freely soluble in sodium hydroxide solution.
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP are available for oral use in three tablet combinations of lisinopril with hydrochlorothiazide: lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, 10 mg/12.5 mg, containing 10 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide; lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, 20 mg/12.5 mg, containing 20 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide; and lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, 20 mg/25 mg, containing 20 mg lisinopril and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide.
Inactive ingredients are dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, pregelatinized starch and starch (corn). Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, 10 mg/12.5 mg also contains FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake. Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, 20 mg/12.5 mg also contains yellow iron oxide and lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, 20 mg/25 mg also contain red iron oxide.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
Lisinopril inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased aldosterone secretion. The latter decrease may result in a small increase of serum potassium. Removal of angiotensin II negative feedback on renin secretion leads to increased plasma renin activity. In hypertensive patients with normal renal function treated with lisinopril alone for up to 24 weeks, the mean increase in serum potassium was less than 0.1 mEq/L; however, approximately 15 percent of patients had increases greater than 0.5 mEq/L and approximately six percent had a decrease greater than 0.5 mEq/L. In the same study, patients treated with lisinopril plus a thiazide diuretic showed essentially no change in serum potassium. (See PRECAUTIONS .)
ACE is identical to kininase, an enzyme that degrades bradykinin. Whether increased levels of bradykinin, a potent vasodepressor peptide, play a role in the therapeutic effects of lisinopril remains to be elucidated.
While the mechanism through which lisinopril lowers blood pressure is believed to be primarily suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, lisinopril is antihypertensive even in patients with low-renin hypertension. Although lisinopril was antihypertensive in all races studied, black hypertensive patients (usually a low-renin hypertensive population) had a smaller average response to lisinopril monotherapy than nonblack patients.
Phrmacodynamics
Administration of lisinopril to patients with hypertension results in a reduction of supine and standing blood pressure to about the same extent with no compensatory tachycardia. Symptomatic postural hypotension is usually not observed although it can occur and should be anticipated in volume and/or salt depleted patients. (See WARNINGS .)
In most patients studied, onset of antihypertensive activity was seen at one hour after oral administration of an individual dose of lisinopril, with peak reduction of blood pressure achieved by six hours.
In some patients achievement of optimal blood pressure reduction may require two to four weeks of therapy.
At recommended single daily doses, antihypertensive effects have been maintained for at least 24 hours after dosing, although the effect at 24 hours was substantially smaller than the effect six hours after dosing.
The antihypertensive effects of lisinopril have continued during long-term therapy. Abrupt withdrawal of lisinopril has not been associated with a rapid increase in blood pressure; nor with a significant overshoot of pretreatment blood pressure.
In hemodynamic studies in patients with essential hypertension, blood pressure reduction was accompanied by a reduction in peripheral arterial resistance with little or no change in cardiac output and in heart rate. In a study in nine hypertensive patients, following administration of lisinopril, there was an increase in mean renal blood flow that was not significant. Data from several small studies are inconsistent with respect to the effect of lisinopril on glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients with normal renal function, but suggest that changes, if any, are not large.
In patients with renovascular hypertension lisinopril has been shown to be well tolerated and effective in controlling blood pressure (see PRECAUTIONS ).
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (eg., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
These fixed-dose combinations are not indicated for initial therapy (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).
In using lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, consideration should be given to the fact that an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that lisinopril does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS ).
In considering the use of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP, it should be noted that ACE inhibitors have been associated with a higher rate of angioedema in black than in nonblack patients. (See WARNINGS , Lisinopril ).
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to this product and in patients with a history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and in patients with hereditary or idiopathic angioedema. Because of the hydrochlorothiazide component, this product is contraindicated in patients with anuria or hypersensitivity to other sulfonamide-derived drugs.
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide is contraindicated in combination with a neprilysin inhibitor (e.g., sacubitril). Do not administer Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide tablets USP within 36 hours of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan, a neprilysin inhibitor (see WARNINGS).
Do not co-administer aliskiren with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with diabetes (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions ).
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide have been evaluated for safety in 930 patients, including 100 patients treated for 50 weeks or more.
In clinical trials with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide no adverse experiences peculiar to this combination drug have been observed. Adverse experiences that have occurred have been limited to those that have been previously reported with lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide.
The most frequent clinical adverse experiences in controlled trials (including open label extensions) with any combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide were: dizziness (7.5%), headache (5.2%), cough (3.9%), fatigue (3.7%) and orthostatic effects (3.2%), all of which were more common than in placebo-treated patients. Generally, adverse experiences were mild and transient in nature; but see WARNINGS regarding angioedema and excessive hypotension or syncope. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse effects was required in 4.4 % of patients, principally because of dizziness, cough, fatigue and muscle cramps.
Adverse experiences occurring in greater than one percent of patients treated with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in controlled clinical trials are shown below.
|
|
Lisinopril
-
Hydrochlorothiazide
( n = 930 ) |
Incidence
( discontinuation ) |
Placebo
( n = 207 ) Incidence |
| Dizziness
|
7.5
|
(0.8)
|
1.9
|
| Headache
|
5.2
|
(0.3)
|
1.9
|
| Cough
|
3.9
|
(0.6)
|
1.0
|
| Fatigue
|
3.7
|
(0.4)
|
1.0
|
| Orthostatic Effects
|
3.2
|
(0.1)
|
1.0
|
| Diarrhea
|
2.5
|
(0.2)
|
2.4
|
| Nausea
|
2.2
|
(0.1)
|
2.4
|
| Upper Respiratory Infection
|
2.2
|
(0.0)
|
0.0
|
| Muscle Cramps
|
2.0
|
(0.4)
|
0.5
|
| Asthenia
|
1.8
|
(0.2)
|
1.0
|
| Paresthesia
|
1.5
|
(0.1)
|
0.0
|
| Hypotension
|
1.4
|
(0.3)
|
0.5
|
| Vomiting
|
1.4
|
(0.1)
|
0.5
|
| Dyspepsia
|
1.3
|
(0.0)
|
0.0
|
| Rash
|
1.2
|
(0.1)
|
0.5
|
| Impotence
|
1.2
|
(0.3)
|
0.0
|
Clinical adverse experiences occurring in 0.3 to 1.0 % of patients in controlled trials and rarer, serious, possibly drug-related events reported in marketing experience are listed below:
Body as a Whole:Chest pain, abdominal pain, syncope, chest discomfort, fever, trauma, virus infection. Cardiovascular:Palpitation, orthostatic hypotension. Digestive:Gastrointestinal cramps, dry mouth, constipation, heartburn. Musculoskeletal:Back pain, shoulder pain, knee pain, back strain, myalgia, foot pain. Nervous/Psychiatric:Decreased libido, vertigo, depression, somnolence. Respiratory:Common cold, nasal congestion, influenza, bronchitis, pharyngeal pain, dyspnea, pulmonary congestion, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, pharyngeal discomfort. Skin:Flushing, pruritus, skin inflammation, diaphoresis, cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Special Senses:Blurred vision, tinnitus, otalgia. Urogenital:Urinary tract infection.
Angioedema:Angioedema of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, glottis and/or larynx has been reported (See WARNINGS ).
In rare cases, intestinal angioedema has been reported in post marketing experience.
Hypotension:In clinical trials, adverse effects relating to hypotension occurred as follows: hypotension (1.4%), orthostatic hypotension (0.5%), other orthostatic effects (3.2%). In addition syncope occurred in 0.8% of patients. (See WARNINGS ).
Cough:See PRECAUTIONS , Cough.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
No specific information is available on the treatment of overdosage with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Therapy with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide should be discontinued and the patient observed closely. Suggested measures include induction of emesis and/or gastric lavage, and correction of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and hypotension by established procedures.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
Lisinopril monotherapy is an effective treatment of hypertension in once-daily doses of 10 mg to 80 mg, while hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy is effective in doses of 12.5 mg per day to 50 mg per day. In clinical trials of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy using lisinopril doses of 10 mg to 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide doses of 6.25 mg to 50 mg, the antihypertensive response rates generally increased with increasing dose of either component.
The side effects (see WARNINGS ) of lisinopril are generally rare and apparently independent of dose; those of hydrochlorothiazide are a mixture of dose-dependent phenomena (primarily hypokalemia) and dose-independent phenomena (e.g., pancreatitis), the former much more common than the latter. Therapy with any combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide may be associated with either or both dose-independent or dose-dependent side effects, but addition of lisinopril in clinical trials blunted the hypokalemia normally seen with diuretics.
To minimize dose-dependent side effects, it is usually appropriate to begin combination therapy only after a patient has failed to achieve the desired effect with monotherapy.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets USP, 10 mg/12.5 mg are blue, hexagonal tablets, with "LL" debossed on one side and "B01" on other side.
They are supplied as follows:
NDC 51655-412-26 – 90's bottle
NDC 51655-412-30 – 30's bottle
NDC 51655-412-60 - 100's bottle
Storage
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from excessive light and humidity.
*AN69 is a registered trademark of Hospal Ltd.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
LUPIN and the [image: IMGID1451] are registered trademarks of Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Manufactured for:
Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Naples, FL 34108
United States
MADE IN INDIA
Revised: September 2024 ID#: 276102